Task preemptionTask prioritySemaphoresInterprocess communications (IPC)Local/Remote Interprocess communicationThreadsIntertask protectionMultiuser High performance file systemEfficient memory management and Dynamically linked Run-time extensions

Ubiquitous communicationsNetwork OS extensionBinary large objects (BLOBs)Global directories and Network yellow pagesAuthentication and Authorization servicesSystem managementNetwork timeDatabase and transaction servicesInternet servicesObject- oriented services

These are fully-loaded machines which includes multiprocessors, high-speed disk arrays for intervive I/O and fault tolerant features. What are the two forms of Multi-processing

It treats all processors as equal. Any processor can do the work of any other processor. Applications are divided into threads that can run concurrently on any available processor. Any processor in the pool can run the OS kernel and execute user-written threads.

Non-GUI Client: These are applications, generate server requests with a minimal amount of human interaction.GUI Clients: These are applicatoins, where occassional requests to the server result from a human interacting with a GUI(Example: Windows 3.x, NT 3.5)OOUI clients : These are applications, which are highly-iconic, object-oriented user interface that provides seamless access to information in...

The types of transparencies the NOS middleware is expected to provide are Location transparencyNamespace transparencyLogon transparencyReplication transparencyLocal/Remote access transparencyDistributed time transparencyFailure transparency and Administration transparency.

RPC hides the intricacies of the network by using the ordinary procedure call mechanism familiar to every programmer. A client process calls a function on a remote server and suspends itself until it gets back the results. Parameters are passed like in any ordinary procedure. The RPC, like an ordinary procedure, is synchoronous. The process that issues the call waits until it gets the results. Under...

MOM allows general purpose messages to be exchanged in a Client/Server system using message queues. Applications communicate over networks by simply putting messages in the queues and getting messages from queues. It typically provides a very simple high level APIs to its services.MOM's messaging and queuing allow clients and servers to communicate across a network without being linked by a private,...

SQL is a powerful set-oriented  language which was developed by IBM research for the databases that adhere to the relational model. It consists of a short list of powerful, yet highly flexible, commands that can be used to manipulate information collected in tables. Through SQL, we can manipulate and control sets of records at a time.

SQL is an interactive query language for ad hoc database queries.SQL is a database programming language.SQL is a data definition and data administration language.SQL is the language of networked database serversSQL helps protect the data in a multi-user networked environment.Because of these multifacted roles it plays, physicists might call SQL as "The grand unified theory of database".

Process-per-client Architecture. (Example: Oracle 6, Informix )Multithreaded Architecture. (Example: Sybase, SQL server)Hybrid Architecture (Example: Oracle 7) 

Triggers are special user defined actions usually in the form of stored procedures, that are automatically invoked by the server based on data related events. It can perform complex actions and can use the full power of procedural languages.A rule is a special type of trigger that is used to perform simple checks on data.

In the transaction server, the client component usually includes GUI and the server components usually consists of SQL transactions against a database. These applications are called OLTP (Online Transaction Processing)OLTP Applications typically,Receive a fixed set of inputs from remote clients.Perform multiple pre-compiled SQL comments against a local database.Commit the work andReturn a fixed set...

There is no commonly accepted definition for a TP monitor. According to Jeri Edwards' a TP Monitor is "an OS for transaction processing".TP Monitor does mainly two things extremely well. They areProcess management and Transaction managementThey were originally introduced to run classes of applications that could service hundreds and sometimes thousands of clients. TP Monitors provide an OS - on top...

Resource ManagerTransaction Manager andApplication Program

TP-Lite is simply the integration of TP Monitor functions in the database engines.TP-Heavy are TP Monitors which supports the Client/Server architecture and allow PC to initiate some very complex multiserver transaction from the desktop.