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Explain UNION,MINUS,UNION ALL, INTERSECT ?
INTERSECT returns all distinct rows selected by both queries.MINUS - returns all distinct rows selected by the first query but not by the second.UNION - returns all distinct rows selected by either queryUNION ALL - returns all rows selected by either query, including all duplicates.
rampratap409
- Dec 8th, 2006
union: distinct result set of two queries.union all : result set of two or more queries including duplicatesminus: result set of first query "-" resultset of second queryintersect : common result set of both query;
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What is Referential Integrity ?
Maintaining data integrity through a set of rules that restrict the values of one or more columns of the tables based on the values of primary key or unique key of the referenced table.
rampratap409
- Dec 8th, 2006
Foreign key constraints is know as referential integrity. which refers to a primary or ( unique ,not null) column
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What are the usage of SAVEPOINTS ?
SAVEPOINTS are used to subdivide a transaction into smaller parts. It enables rolling back part of a transaction. Maximum of five save points are allowed.
rampratap409
- Dec 8th, 2006
Savepoint is used to give some break points between multiple transactions so that if some transaction is required to be rolledback then some of transaction will still available in buffer. commit will save the data and remove all savepoints
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What are the data types allowed in a table ?
CHAR,VARCHAR2,NUMBER,DATE,RAW,LONG and LONG RAW.
rampratap409
- Dec 8th, 2006
CHAR,VARCHAR2,NUMBER,DATE,RAW,LONG and LONG RAW,BLOB, CLOB,NCLOBFOR ORACEL 9I AND ABOVE.TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE, YEAR TO DAY, DAY TO SECOND
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How many LONG columns are allowed in a table ? Is it possible to use LONG columns in WHERE clause or ORDER BY ?
Only one LONG columns is allowed. It is not possible to use LONG column in WHERE or ORDER BY clause.
rampratap409
- Dec 8th, 2006
Only one LONG columns is allowed. It is not possible to use LONG column in WHERE or ORDER BY clause
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Where the integrity constraints are stored in Data Dictionary ?
The integrity constraints are stored in USER_CONSTRAINTS.
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What is Snapshot in oracle 9i and what is different between view and Snapshot?
Narender Reddy
- Jan 4th, 2006
In Oracle 9i instead of snapshot we can use meterialized views which can act as snapshot.Diff between view & snapshot is view is not a table its a virtual table to join one or more table or to pre...
prakash2906
- Dec 27th, 2005
A snapshot is a table that contains the results of a query of one or more tables or views, often located on a remote database.
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What is theta join??
iasritesh
- Jan 15th, 2007
Theta Joins Theta joins are joins that use any of the comparison operators: Greater than, denoted by > Greater than or equal to, denoted by >= Less than, denoted by < Less than or ...
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How is the data inserted in the Index table when a new row is inserted into the main table on which the index is created ?
niteshaggarwal
- Oct 20th, 2008
The ROWID of that row and the Data value on which that index is created will be inserted in index file. ROWID have row address, which will locate the row at the physical level and thus accessing of that value will be fast.
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List all customer (user id, name, and e-mail), number of charging
List all customer (user id, name, and e-mail), number of charging, total charging,number of transaction and total number of transaction value?If u have these tables:1- 'Credit_card'columns: credit_number,type,value,Customer_ID.2-'Coupon'columns: Coupon_number,value,password,Customer_ID3-'Customer'columns: Customer_ID,Fname,Mname,lname,E_mail,password,bdate,tot_trans,mobil_no,hom_no,ex_id_date,current_Balance.
friends_mukesh
- Feb 19th, 2008
Hi, One of the solution is as follow: select cust.customer_id,fname,mname,lname,e_mail,credit.tot_credit+coupan.tot_coup no_of_recharge,credit.tot_credit_val+coupan.tot_coup_val tot_recharging,to...
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User defined exception waste
In which section of a PL/SQL block is a user defined exception waste?
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What is an integrity constraint
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Shivani Goel- Member Since Jun-2009 | Jun 23rd, 2009
Integrity constraint is that which depend upon the parent and child relationship in which parent column have the primary constraint and child column have the foreign key constraint.
You cannot delete the any value from column that have foreign key constraint until you never delete its related primary key column value, that is a integrity constraint.
If you try to do this it will show you error related to integrity constraint.Shivani Goel
- Jun 23rd, 2009
Integrity constraint is that which depend upon the parent and child relationship in which parent column have the primary constraint and child column have the foreign key constraint. You cannot d...
Rossitza Kanovska
- Aug 9th, 2005
An integrity constraint is a rule that restricts the values in a database. There are six types: A NOT NULL constraint prohibits a database value from being null. A unique constraint prohibi...
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What are the data types allowed in a table
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Answered by: rajesh
- Sep 14th, 2005
these are the data types used in sql tablebinary Bigint bit Char datetime decimal Float image Int Money nchar Ntext nvarchar Numeric Real smalldatetime smallint smallmoney sql_variant sysname text timestamp tinyint varbinary varchar uniqueidentifier gdurga
- Jun 15th, 2009
Dec(p,s), desimal(p,s), double precision, foat, int, inteager, real, smallint, numeric(p,s), number(p,s), char(size), varchar2(size), long, raw, long raw, date, timestamp, urowid(size), rowid, boolean, nchar(size) , nvarchar2(size), bfile, blob, clob, nclob...
rajesh
- Sep 14th, 2005
binaryBigintbitChardatetimedecimalFloatimageIntMoneyncharNtextnvarcharNumericRealsmalldatetimesmallintsmallmoneysql_variantsysnametexttimestamptinyintvarbinaryvarcharuniqueidentifierthese are the data types used in sql table
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What is the maximum SIZE allowed for each type
G.D.S.Prasad
- Jun 21st, 2008
VARCHAR2: Max Size=4000 bytesCHAR: Max Size=2000 bytesNUMBER(p,s): The precision p can range from 1 to 38. &nbs...
Rama Krishna,Yerra
- Aug 2nd, 2006
The Max Size is upto 32.Thanks&RegdsRamki,TCS,Hyd
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How will you activate/deactivate integrity constraints
rampratap409
- Dec 7th, 2006
Alter table modify constraint < constraintname> disable/enableexamplealter table CONTACT_US modify constraint CONTACT_US_UK disable;
Mathivanan
- Jul 16th, 2005
Using enable/disable clause along with Alter command, we can activate/deactive constraints. For example: Alter table Empolyee disable constraint pk_EmpNumer
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Any three PL/SQL Exceptions
koi.milgaya
- Jul 10th, 2005
I think WHEN_OTHERS is only OTHERS NO_DATA_FOUND WHEN_OTHERS TOO_MANY_ROWS
SQL*Plus interview Questions
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